Mang-Inasal

Mang Inasal Philippines is the Philippine's fastest growing barbeque fast food chain, serving chicken, pork barbeque and other Filipino favorites, was first established on December12,2003 in Iloilo City. It operates quick service. It specializes in chicken inasal an various pinoy products. The company’s menu include pinoy palamigs, pinoy and keso burger, beef singangs, and bangus sinigangs. And they also serve pork barbeque and other Filipino favorites.Mang Inasal, innovation is important because competition in the fast food industry is very tight. Product innovation is a must as it adds value to the company since products are being offered to the market for attention, acquisition orconsumption that may satisfy a need or want. In this case product innovation is done toget the attention of customers and most especially the non-customers of the company sothat they will have a chance to steal some market share of their competitors.As the saying goes, â€Å"the test of the puddin g is in the eating. † It is imperative for Mang Inasal, being in the fast food industry, to offer its customers with good food. They must thenmake sure that the taste, which the customers have grown accustomed, should bemaintained and standardized, to keep the customers hooked and coming back for more. Freshness and quality of ingredients should also be maintained as part of maintaininghigh standards with their products.Pricing also is an important to consider given that thetarget market of Mang Inasal is considered to be price sensitive. Any sudden and drasticchange in price might push the customers to find other food providers. And in theindustry that Mang Inasal is in, there many others than can provide Mang Inasal customers with other alternatives. It must then be ensured that products of Mang Inasal are priced in a way that highlights value at the same time, still affordable to its customers. The improvements and innovation in the product and services must be continuous.

Should Obese People Have Higher Premiums

Guoyi Chen Should Obese People Have Higher Premiums The Obesity epidemic affects millions people of the United States every day. According to the National Institutes of Health, â€Å"obesity† refers to any individual with a BMI of more than 30 and BMI is simply a calculation that assesses weight relative to height (NIH). In the past decades, the number of obese Americans has increased dramatically. Based on the data from Nation Health and Examination Survey, about one-third of U. S. adults (33. %) are obese and approximately 17% (or 12. 5 million) of children and adolescents aged 2-19 years are obese (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). It is well documented that people who are obese are more likely to have so-called â€Å"obese-related† health problems such as Type 2 diabetes and heart disease. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the government has spent about 122 billion dollars annually to cure people who have obese related health issues and this number is still increasing.Because obesity costs so much annually, some people suggest that people who are obese should pay higher insurance rates because they place a heavy burden on the government and use more health care resources than non-obese people. On the other hand, others hold the opinion that it is unfair for people who are obese and it is kind of discrimination if they need to pay higher insurance rates than non-obese people. The important question that worth to notice here is that what causes obesity?Some people suggest that obesity is more about â€Å"nature†. It has something to do with genes because obese people would transfer their â€Å"obese gene† to their offspring. Other people believe that it more about â€Å"nurture† because an unhealthy life style could leads to obesity. However, according to NIH, â€Å"obesity is mainly caused by consuming more calories than the body needs – most commonly by eating a diet high in fat and calories, living a sedentary lifestyle, or both. † (NIH).That being said, most people who are obese that way are because they do not care about their health so much and prefer an unhealthy lifestyle, therefore, those people should pay higher insurance rates because they choose to behave in ways that pose risks to their health. To begin with, people who are obese should pay higher insurance rate because they choose to ruin their health by choosing unhealthy food rather than healthy food. The choices on food have a close connection with people’s health problems. Based on the definition that was given by NIH, obesity is caused by eating a diet high in fat and calories.That is to say, people’s choice on food affects this problem significantly. Nowadays, people have lots of choices on food. There are always many health options available to people besides unhealthy food. However, some people would like to choose food that contains high calories rather than fres h vegetables, fruit etc. They are more likely to eat food such as cheeseburgers, pizza, soft drinks and fries. It seems like these kinds of food are relative inexpensive, faster to get and even more delicious in some degree.But from a different point of view, these kinds of food contain many calories, which could causes obesity problems later on. One possible reason that people choose eat those unhealthy food might because they think fresh vegetables, fruit and even fresh proteins are expensive for them so they have to eat things like fast food instead since they do not have high incomes even if they want to buy those healthy food. But a good question that worth to think about carefully here is that â€Å"Are these â€Å"healthy† food options really more expensive than â€Å"unhealthy† food? † Take â€Å"fast-food† as an example.According to Mark Bittman, the author of the article â€Å"Is Junk Food Really Cheaper†, which published in New York Time s, a typical order for a family of four is two Big Macs, a cheeseburger, six chicken McNuggets, two medium and two small fries, and two medium and two small sodas, which cost about 28 dollars. But the home-cooked meal of chicken, salad, potatoes and milk cost on average about 13. 78 dollars and a homemade meal of pinto beans and rice is even cheaper at $9. 26. However, the calories that people get from having fast food is definitely much higher than having healthy goods.With the time goes along, there is a big chance that people’s eating habit will be changed into unhealthy way and finally leads to obesity and even results in obese related problems. That is to say, eating health does not mean eating expensive. It is about what you choose to eat. Some people might argue that they want to cook at home but the grocery stores are far away from them and some of them are even do not know how to cook. However, according to research conducted by Department of Agriculture, 93 percent of those with limited access to supermarkets do have access to vehicles.That being said, even if taking the long route to putting food on the table may not be easy, but for most Americans it remains a choice. The idea is that if you can drive to McDonald’s you can drive to Safeway as well. Cook a health meal is not a complicate job. There are lots of books on the cashier that teach people how to cook the health food. Why don’t you take the responsibility to learn how to prepare a health meal and protect your family or yourself from obesity related health issues? Beside, it is understandable that people live in fast pace society now and barely have time to prepare health meals.But why don't you spend less time watching TV everyday? Your time is there. By spending less time watching TV, you could not only prepared health food but also burned extra calories while preparing the food, which is also helpful. That being said, money, time and cook skills might not the excuses for people who choose to eat unhealthy food and ruin their healthy this way. Choosing what kinds food to eat is totally a personal choice, of people have the unhealthy eating style they have, they are more likely to become obese and get some obese related problems such as diabetes.As we discussed above, government spent huge amount of money to cure those people. In another words, people who care about their health and choose a health eating habit pay tax dollars to government every years just can get less benefits than what they should have because there is a part of their tax dollars go to cure those people who ruin their health by choosing unhealthy life style. In short, obese people should pay higher insurance rates for themselves than non-obese people because the diseases they get is caused by their obesity and their obesity caused by the unhealthy eating habit they choose.Another reason why obese people should pay higher insurance rates is because they barely take some actions such as, do more exercising to control their weight. Doing some exercises could help them stay away from obese related health problems and then save huge amount of money every year. We should take two different situations into consideration. One is that people who are obese but already taking some exercises to lose some weight. Those groups of obese people might already understand that obesity could results in many health diseases and would bring negative externality to society.However, another group is the people who are obese but still do not want to take actions to keep them away from health diseases. Those groups of people are the people who need to pay higher insurance because they do not care about their health in the beginning and do not even care if they will bring negative impact on society. Moreover, those people perhaps think that government will pay expensive expenses for them when they get sick because they have health insurance like anyone else do.That is to say, it en courages those people to not take actions to help themselves away from obese related health problems if the insurance rates stay the same for anybody. Some people might say that it is kind of discrimination that requires people who are obese to pay higher insurance rates than non-obese people. It seems reasonable in some degree. Why should insurance rates depend on people’s appearance? However, in order to look at this problem fairly, let's consider two important questions.The first question is â€Å"do obese people have a choice between being fat and not fat? † This is a very important question to think about before deciding whether obese people should pay higher insurance rates or not. If being obese is more about â€Å"nature† thing that has something to do with â€Å"genes† and people who are obese do not have controls on that, then, they should not pay higher insurance than non-obese and if they are required to do so, it is definitely a discriminatio n and it would just end up punishing people who are already punished by their health.According to ObesityinAmerica. org, obesity is not always caused by simple behavioral issues, it has something to do with genes. For example, genetic determinations such as the way a body expends energy, hormones that affect the way calories are processed, and other organ systems in the body can all affect appetite. These groups of people do not have control on how they will be born, but they do have controls on whether they want to take initiative to have a healthy eating habits and life styles, which could help them away from obesity related problems.The idea is that as long as they realized the potential health issues they might have and helping themselves away from these dangers, they should not be required to pay higher health insurance rates since their behaviors could ease heavy economic burden on government. However, other type of people, who have choice on being obese or not, should pay hig her health insurance rates if they â€Å"choose† to be obese by having unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyle because they choose to place a negative externality to society, then, we should ask that for those people who â€Å"choose† to be obese, do they impose an cost on other people?Unfortunately, the answer would be yes. Those people believe they have the right to choose their own lifestyle even though it is bad for their health, but what they didn't noticed is that their â€Å"right† would impose an cost on people who have a health lifestyle. It is common sense that obesity can cause many diseases. Author Yves Engler, who is a Canadian writer and political activist, mentions in his article â€Å"Obesity: Much of the Responsibility Lies with Corporations† that â€Å"Researchers claim there are links between obesity and more than 30 medical conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, cancers and possibly Alzheimer’sâ₠¬ .In other words, obesity is not just about how you look like physically, it actually causes many fatal diseases, which cost much to cure. Yves Engler points out in the same article that â€Å"The U. S. National Institute of Health estimates that the annual costs of treating obesity-related conditions are at least $120 billion†, that is to say, larger proportions of tax dollars were used to treat people who are ruining their own healthy by choosing a bad healthy life style.Then, why should people who care about their health and choose health life style paid the money for those group of people who claims that they have their own â€Å"right† to choose what they want. It does not make sense that someone who doesn't care about their health by eating excessive amounts of unhealthy food and spending few time exercising pays the same insurance premium of a person who makes it a priority to keep their health in the best possible shape they can. In some degree, requires obes e people pay higher health insurance is just like require dangerous driver pay higher car insurance rates.The driver could have options to drive safely, but he/she choose drive dangerously instead and because of his/her dangerous driving, it would put others life and properties in a risky place. So, is it kind of discrimination if car insurance companies charge higher rates to those dangerous drivers than drivers who drive safely? It is probably not. The idea the require obese people tp pay higher insurance rates is not because government want to take advantages from obese people, it is because it is a good way to encourage obese people control their life style.That being said, requiring people who obese pay higher insurance rates is not discrimination. It is a fair way that redistributes health care expenses and encourages them to pay attention to their health. All in all, those people who realized they are obese but do not want to take initiative do to control their weight should pay higher insurance because their own â€Å"choice† brings a negative externality on society. Because of their unhealthy ifestyle, they would more likely to get obese related health problem than non-obese people and then demand more health care resource than non-obese people, they should responsible for the cost that resulted by their own choices. Work Cited â€Å"U. S. Obesity Trends. † Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Feb. 2012. Web. 27 May. 2012. . Nilsson, Siri. â€Å"Good Luck If You're Searching for Good-for-You Eats. † ABC News.ABC News Network, 26 Sept. 2006. Web. 27 May. 2012. . â€Å"Obesity In America: What's Driving The Epidemic?. † Harvard Men's Health Watch 16. 7 (2012): 5-7. Academic Search Premier. Web. 27 May. 2012 â€Å"2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. † : Contents. 1 Jan. 2008. Web. 27 May. 2012. ;http://www. health. gov/paguidelines/guidelines/default. as px;. â€Å"Understanding Obesity. † Understanding Obesity. 12 Jan. 2008. Web. 28 May 2012. ;http://www. obesityinamerica. rg/understandingObesity/index. cfm;. Bittman, Mark. â€Å"OP-ED COLUMNIST; Is Junk Food Really Cheaper. † The New York Times. The New York Times, 25 Sept. 2011. Web. 11 June 2012. ;http://www. nytimes. com/2011/09/25/opinion/sunday/is-junk-food-really-cheaper. html? pagewanted=all;. Engler, Yves. â€Å"English 1022 Online–Spring 2010. † : Obesity: Much of the Responsibility Lies with Corporations. N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 June 2012. ;http://spring2010online1022. blogspot. com/2010/02/obesity-much-of-responsibility-lies. html;.

The Development of Arabic Scripts

1. Pre – Islamic Era Arabic script is probably one of the oldest in the world, having been widely spread across cultures as this was the language used to spread Islam in major territories. Its influence can be seen in various languages which adopted Arabic script to develop their own way of recording, like Persian, Pashto, Urdu and more. But Arab scripts have evolved with major historical events of these nations (AncientScripts. com). Various accounts of the history of Arabia, the ‘island of the Arabs’, give the impression that Arabic scripts started to take form at the height of Islamization or during the time of Prophet Mohammed.It is said to have originated from the fourth century, CE but there is evidence – an ancient document – that shows Arabic script was already a medium for recording even as early as 512 CE. Long before the Prophet Mohammed was born (some authors say even 700 years before Mohammed), the Arabs already had established a form of written language which originally was used by the Nabateans who once inhabited a territory which is now the kingdom of Jordan. This was called the Nabatean script, which evolved from the Aramaic language.The Nabataean script was an off – shoot of the Aramaic alphabet which developed in the first century CE on the Sinai Peninsula and in North Arabia. It differs conspicuously from other Aramaic varieties by making extensive use of ligatures. Stone inscriptions in the Nabataean script are found from Petra, the capital of the Nabataean Kingdon (c. 150 CE to 100 CE), to Damascus and Medina. The script is not attested in manuscripts, although its cursive character with letters frequently joined together indicates common use.The language of the inscriptions is Nabataean, a close cognate of Aramaic – other authors claim it s Aramaic and that the Nabataeans had dual language styles for communication: written in Aramaic, verbal in Arabic. Spread over a wide area, the script exh ibits considerable variation with highly diverse letter shapes. Its significance for the history of writing lies in its being the immediate forebear of the Arabic script. Certain features of the Arabic character, such as the existence of separate final forms for certain letters, are already foreshadowed in Nabataean writing.Its transformation into the Arabic script took place in the fourth and fifth centuries CE (Calmous 350). In the North of the Syrian Desert, the Arabs were involved in world politics very much earlier. Even under the Assyrian king Tiglath – Pileser III (745 – 728BC), there was an Arabi kingdom there with its capital in the Jawf, which was ruled by queens and remained one of the vassal states of Assyria until the time of Essarhaddon (689 – 669 BC). The Babylonian King Nabunaid (556 – 539 BC) had his residence for some time in the oasis of Tayma, which was the base of his expeditions against the west.An Aramaic inscription from the Persia n era found there indicates the organization of the city cult, with its priests and temple gods. Then as early as the period of the last Achaemenians, the Nabataean state sprang up (in a territory of modern day Jordan). This state controlled the caravan trade from South Africa to Medina and remained significantly independent since Alexander the Great’s plan of conquering Arabia by sea from east and west simultaneously was not resumed by his successors.At first, Petra’s commerce was drawn to Bostra, where caravans then proceeded to Chalcis, below Lebanon and Emesa, Edessa, and Hatra toward the north and east. The Nabataeans adopted the titles of their officials and military leaders from neighboring Hellenistic states. The Nabataean capital was Petra, a mountain fortress lying about halfway between the Dead Sea and the tip of the Arabian gulf (Brockelman 6).Numerous inscriptions and ruins found in the rock – cut tombs bear witness to the flourishing civilization o f the Nabataeans but in these inscriptions, Aramaic was used for it was then the official language dating as far back as the time of the Achaemenians. There are also accounts of other historians that Arabic was the spoken language of the Nabataeans but they write using Aramaic. Initially, they were considered by the Romans as allies until the time of Trajan but due to doubts over their ambiguity during the Jewish insurrection under Titus, the Nabataean Kingdom was absorbed as Provincia Arabia in 106 BC.The civilized areas – or the major cities where trades occur – were marked off from the deset by a chain of fortifications which were far from being strong as the Limes on the Rhine and on the Danube frontier (Brockelman 6). But in another Arab state, Palmyra, the Nabataeans found a more fortunate heir. In the wars between Rome and the Parthians, Palmyra was prudently neutral and by the time of Augustus, was able to extend its trade connections to Rome, Dacia, Gaul and S pain. The Severian Dynasty, also half – Semitic, showed favor on Palmyra.From 260 onwards King Odenat extended his rule over the entire Syria and was even acknowledged by the weak Roman Emperor, Gallienus, as co – emperor for the Orient. After his death in 268, his wife Zenobia maintained his power for a time but Aurelianus destroyed Palmyra in 273. This tragedy would be retold through generations even until the first centuries of Islam. (Brockelmann 7). Palmyra represented the last stance of Arab independence pre – Islam and its fall marked a loss of Arab independence.No other Arab state in the north remained free after this and they were used as vassals by the Romans and Byzantines to ward off incursions of the nomads (Bedouins, or Arabs) into the settled regions. This is probably why the Nabataeans retained their scripts even under Roman rule – because they continued with their trades and were also vassals to ward off their own kind from coming into ma jor cities of commerce (Brockelmann 7). In the 6th century, however, the Ghassanid dynasty ruled at Damascus, east of the Jordan.He was designated by Justinian in 529 as patricius and phylarch with supreme authority over all the Arabs in the northern Syria. But this power again dissolved into fragmentary principalities after his death and when they won over the Persians, the Roman Emperor let their officials rule until a Muslim onslaught brought another Ghassanid ruler of the Syrian Arabs (Brockelmann 8). Before and during these periods, the Arabs had been exposed to Christianity (Yah-weh / Judaism) at one time or another.First, from the Roman Empire Christianity exercising great power over them, down to the Lakhmid Dynasty in Hirah who once served the Persians and had finally gone to the Christian faith of their urban subjects, even the Bedouins in the north were in intimate contact with the indigenous Aramean population, who had long since been swallowed up by Christianity. Inner Arabia also due to their trading cities of the Hijaz must have also been permeated by a knowledge of Christian teachings and customs, however superficial, as a result of the steady traffic with related tribes in the north.The anchorites, whose cells must have spread from Palestine and Sinai Peninsula far into the desert, no doubt also made a great many contributions. In addition, the desert was an asylum from some sects persecuted by the established church, and precisely these may have spread their doctrines with more success than the Orthodox Church. During these times, however, the Aramaic language still remained the official and principal administrative language.Thus, most of the inscriptions on the Petra were in Aramaic but there have been evidence showing that the Nabataeans before used their own language for their local transactions and in oral exchange, but retained Aramaic for recording due to its value in trading with other countries. Other authors propose that some Arab na tions or states were actually oral groups; meaning, they hand down their stories by telling and re – telling it and still could keep it fresh in their memories but there are also groups who were visual, or those which could not keep a mental record of events thus, keep records in tablet form.Nomads, for instance, or Bedouins, often recite poetry in their gatherings inside their tents wherever they are in the dessert. But those engaged in trades, in the major cities, often would chose to write to keep a record of their transactions. Many believe that the ancient Arabs’ exposure to Christians / those practicing Judaism probably justifies the influence or traces of Sumerian, Greek, Akkadian or Aramaic system to an otherwise Semitic heritage in the Arabic scripts or written as well as spoken languages.But others argue that though there appear some points for seeming similarities, these actually represent the observed or practiced systems used by different countries at the time. While some authors attribute the variations to assimilation, others believe the language and therefore, the scripts, evolved following events in Arab history. But in the case of the Nabataeans from the former territory now called Jordan, they were able to keep both, Arab language and Aramaic scripts.This is perhaps because all Arabs, including the Nabataeans who were under Roman rule for many years, were used as vassals against their own Arab brothers. Thus they kept their language to communicate with each other, and for trading purposes, maintained Aramaic. The duality could perhaps be due to the fact that two somewhat differing entities formed their society then: the urban people and the nomads (whom they had to ward off from the center of civilization, as was their task as vassals for the Roman Empire).The former relied so much on writing for keeping records, while the latter, used word of mouth to communicate information, even recite poetry. Other authors though, believe t hat the Aramaic inscriptions on the Petra were in fact the written or Arabic script at the time. Prior to Mohammed’s birth, some Arabs were Christians, others primitive in their exercise of faith, as was their political life. Like they believed that their surroundings had forces superior to those of man.These forces were believed to be like the human soul but with dangerous powers that could turn them into demons. They, Semites, regarded trees, stones, caves, springs and large stones are inhabited by spirits. The Black Stone of Islam in a corner of the KaBah, Mecca, in Petra and other places in Arabia stones were venerated also. Every tribe has its own god but also recognized the power of other tribal gods in their own sphere. Individual clans sometimes named themselves after other gods than those of the tribe, and the same divinity was worshipped by various tribes.The gods had fixed abodes, after the tribe has departed, they enjoyed the worship of its successors; the tribes returned once or twice a year to worship (Brockelmann 9). Contrary to claims of the Jews and Christians, the Arabs already did believe in a God, creator of the world, in addition to the gods and goddesses – even before the birth of Islam. 2. The Prophet Mohammed The Prophet Mohammed, ergo, the birth of Islam has also brought about changes in the Arabic scripts. He has touched a cord in Arab history and left an influence that would govern every aspect of Arabian nations long after he had gone.The Arab ruling group began to identify its new order with a revelation by God to Mohammed, then a citizen of Mecca, in the form of a Holy Book, the Qur’an. This was a revelation which completed those given to earlier prophets or messengers of God and created a new religion, Islam, distinct and separate from Judaism and Christianity (Hourani 15). The most obscure part of his life was the early one. It is said he was born in Mecca, a town in Western Arabia, near or in the year 570. His family belonged to the tribe of Quraysh, although not to its powerful part.This tribe was composed of traders who had contacts with the pastoral tribes around Mecca, relations with Syria and south – western Arabia. He worked for – and later married – a widow and managed her business for her. One day he received a message from an ‘angel, seen in the form of a man on the horizon’ who called him to become a messenger of God. Affirmed by his wife, he them began relaying messages which he believed were revealed to him by an angel of God: that the world would end, that God would judge all men and the pains of Hell and delights of Heaven were vividly described.Gradually he had a following, including young members of the influential families of their tribe, Quraysh, members of minor families and clients of other tribes who had placed themselves under the protection of Quraysh, and some craftsmen and slaves. As his teachings developed, its difference fro m the teachings of the time became apparent and placed him more explicitly in the line of prophets of the Jews and Christian tradition (Hourani 1991). Mohammed demanded of his followers’ profession of belief in the One God and the surrender to God’s will, islam, after which his religion took its name.Probably very early he also levied a poor – tax for the maintenance of needgy members of the community but it was only later in Medina that it assumed greater significance. The chief duty of the faithful, by virtue of which they professed membership in the community, was praying at first twice, then three times, and only later five times a day. Mohammed’s teachings were not accepted by some of the Arabs, in fact, he and his followers were locked up in a ravine. When his wife and uncle died, he had to move to Mecca after his brother, a strong opponent of his religion, took his uncle’s place.But he was not accepted there as well and driven away by stonin g that he never returned to the place until he received assurance from a relative that he will be protected. Within his lifetime, Mohammed started his mission of religious and political unification of Arabia. He abolished the foothold of paganism in Mecca and later in all Arab states. Then after his death, he was succeeded by his father –in – law and started the caliphate. The caliphate succeeded in subduing and conquering neighboring places and spread Islam with it.There were oppositions to it, like people willing to follow the religion or Allah’s will but not pay taxes. In the long run, however, they were either driven by force, fear or respect for the Allah so that the religion flourished in almost all of Asia, the Mediterranean as well as some parts of Europe (Hourani 6). It was after the conquest of Mesopotamia that a school for the study of Islam and its development was built in the city of Kufa. Kufa is the place where the kufic script was developed / ori ginated, hence the name.Due to variations in the languages of peoples – converts – under Islamic rule, they felt the need to provide uniformity of religious concepts and practices so that scholars created some form of a dictionary which was later discarded. But that, to some analysts, was actually the first helpful step in Arab history for establishing the common literary standard of Islamic scholars (Brockelmann 15) The extent to which the intellectual life of the epoch was still dominated by Arabic and by the great past of the Arabs is also attested to by the two major focus of interest of the educated world: philology and history.The former had risen in connection with the Qur’an. It was necessary that the numerous new converts, born in communities of different speech, develop and perfect an understanding of the diving word and its proper application in effective prayer. It was just an urgent need to enable them to acieve a complete mastery of the nuances of Arabic and its excessively rich vocabulary (Brockelmann 119). It was in the city of Kufa and Basra where classes on history and literature were conducted.Kufa was also chosen as the major place for studying Islam and mastering the Qur’an. Due to the various languages of the newly converted Islams, the kufic script was developed mainly as the medium to copy Qur’an and to create a vast collection of commentaries on the Qur’anic verses. This was done in order for converts of different languages to understand one common version of the Qu’ran. Angular, which was most likely a product of inscribing on hard surfaces such as wood or stone, kufic soon became the principal script for copying the Qu’ran.For the same reason (having a principal script for copying the Qur’an), the nakshi script, also known as the ‘Mecca – Medina’ script came about. It is thought to have been developed by Abu Ali Muhammad Ibn Muqlah (died 940) and intro duced in Baghdad, once the seat of literature in Arabia. The nakshi is one of the earliest book hands and is more cursive than the angular kufic script. Because of its elegance and legibility, the nakshi script as of the eleventh century gradually superseded kufic as the principal script for writing the Qur’an.Nakshi has also been widely used for languages other than Arabic, like Persian, Turkish, Malay, Kiswahili, Hausa, and Serbo – Croatian, among others. And from this script, other styles have also developed, the most popular of which are the riqa, diwani, and the thuluth (Calmous 351). Another off – shoot of the nakshi script is the nastaliq script, which was first seen in the thirteenth century CE, developed by Mir Ali, a calligrapher from Tabriz. It evolved as a combination of nakshi and taliq, hence the name nastaliq.While nakshi was primarily used for copying the Qur’an, the nastaliq, on the other hand, was widely used for manuscripts and architec tural monuments, particularly in Persia (Calmous 353). With the invasion of Persia came another development in language and scripts. Farsi, actually a combination of Arabic and European languages, was used by the Persians and Arab residents in that area. Other authors claim that Abu Ali Muhammad Ibn Muglah, a vizier in Baghdad, invented the sitta, a canon of six cursive scripts which include the thuluth, nakshi, rihani, muhaqqaq, tauqi and riqa.This was later augmented to include four more scripts, ghubar, tumar, taliq and nastaliq, which came to be used in the whole Islamic world. While these cursive scripts were popular with calligraphers and illuminators, they never replaced the kufic althogether, except for the nakshi – other writers claim it superseded the kufic by the eleventh century. Today, in many religious writings, kufic headings are still used, in combination with the main body of the text written in cursive script (Calmous 66). One cannot study the Arabic scripts without touching on Arabic calligraphy.Since the Prophet Mohammad stated God’s message in his native tongue, Arabic (scholars think he was actually using a combination of Aramaic and Nabataean languages, otherwise now known and indiscriminately described as Arabic), the Qur’an hence was also written in this language. Arabic, has therefore, been revered as God’s language and every letter of the Arabic alphabet is regarded as a manifestation of God (Calmous 64). Thus, for many Muslims the Qur’an should not be rendered in any other language.As the written version of the revelation, it must always be copied in Arabic. Since, in the wake of the Islamic conquest Islam as a religion was carried to regions of many different tongues, written Arabic acquired an important function as a unifying bond of the various Islamic peoples. Writing itself came to be regarded as an expression of faith. In this spirit it developed into a religious inspired art with a special s tatus that no other forms of aesthetic expression was able to attain – calligraphy (Calmous 64).A great variety of materials was used to receive calligraphic writing: stone, glass, ceramics, metalwork, woodwork, carpets and other textiles, as well as parchment paper and other surfaces of manuscript writing. The adaptability of Arabic scripts and their ability to be modified is attributed to the early use of such a variety of surfaces (Calmous 64). Because of its religious significance, great importance is attached to the literal contents of Islamic calligraphy. Yet, sometimes the verbal message is pushed into the background by the decorative function.As many students of Islamic calligraphy pointed out, there are a great number of inscriptions which defy easy reading. Orthographic mistakes and peculiarities as well as typographic idiosyncrasies render inscriptions on such sanctuaries as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem (seventh century), the Qutab Minar in Delhi (eleventh cen tury) and the Masjid-i-Shah Mosque in Isfahan (seventeenth century) virtually impossible to decipher. This suggests that the viewer of these works was not always expected to read the text.In many instances of decorative writing, the symbolic message was conveyed by other means. For instance, an inscription on a tomb or the wall of a mosque would be recognized as a holy phrase, no matter whether it could actually be read or not (Calmous 66). History shows that the development of Arabic scripts, as opposed to Arabic calligraphy, was purely for a functional rather than decorative purpose. However, for many who find it impossible to decipher scripts or calligraphic art in Arabic, they would have to look deeper into the history of Arabic nations, with focus on the history of Islam.Those who wish to decipher and understand the numerous transitions the Arabic scripts have gone through across the centuries would better grasp, and maybe even be guided by the annals of history. For instance, while others think nakshi has superseded kufic being the principal language or medium of communication or transmitting the Qur’an, it would help them understand better or find out more if such is the fact by assessing the current or be updated with the present print media being used by Islam.On the other hand, as is occurring amongst Christians all over the world, with all the versions and different languages or Arabic scripts used to print the Qur’an, is there any chance that there may be issues of misinterpretations considering that there is not an exact equivalent of one word across the different scripts or languages? Or is it safe to assume that the later scripts developed (nakshi, kufic, thuluth) found exactly the same words from Arabic translated to these scripts in exact precision?It may not be humanly possible to decipher each and every variation of the Qur’an copied in the different scripts like nakshi and kufic to see if precisely the same words have t he same meaning in the original Arabic version. But if for the interest of curiosity one should start to do an inquest, maybe it would save him time to reflect on the following observations and then make his own inferences:First of all, in spite of the variations or the versions of Arabic scripts by which the Qur’an is written, it is amazing how there is only one version of Islam the religion and all things corollary to Allah’s orders are the same things every Muslim believes. Comparing the Islam faith with Christianity, there are thousands of types of Christians all over the world – some of which were formed on the basis of their understanding of some verses in the Holy Bible.Though both the Holy Bible and the Holy Qur’an have been translated or transliterated or written in different scripts, the uniformity of treatment and application of the religious concepts practiced by Islams all over the world is simply amazing. It therefore becomes easy to infer t hat the kufic and nakshi scripts, used in copying Qur’an, may have therefore been religiously developed. And the purpose therefore, of developing such scripts to help other Islamic converts understand it, was achieved.

Renewable energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Renewable energy - Essay Example newable energy sources is that the energy sources like natural gas, coal, and oil have no permanent reservoirs and they will be exhausted at some time in future. Therefore, the world has turned to renewable energy sources as alternatives to traditional sources of energy (Hick, n.d.). Renewable energy sources are some of the very beneficial energy sources for a country. Some of the most considerable advantages of renewable energy include sustainability, less maintenance requirement, reduced cost of operations, and increased economic benefits. These advantages also make renewable energy sources very critical for the economic stability of a country. These resources not only bring economic benefits, but also they put a very minimal impact on the environment because of generation of very little amount of waste products. No polluting emissions and repeated use without depletion are also two of the most considerable advantages of renewable energy. Apart from the advantages, there also exist some disadvantages of renewable energy. However, the number of disadvantages is very less as compared to the advantages. Some of the disadvantages include difficulty in generating electricity quantities equivalent to fossil fuel generated electricity and unreliability under certain conditions. Let us now discuss some of the widely used sources of renewable energy in order to get a clear picture of their advantages and disadvantages. There are six major types of renewable energy sources, which include hydropower energy source, wind energy source, solar energy source, geothermal energy source, biomass energy source, and nuclear power. Let us discuss all of them in some detail. Hydropower energy source is the most recent invention in renewable energy. Hydropower is the largest source of renewable energy, which has the generating capacity of 77,000 Megawatts (Conlan, 2009). It is due to the scarcity and rising prices of oil and gas that a large number of developed countries are putting

Planning Your Financial Future Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Planning Your Financial Future - Assignment Example Other skills that will be significant in my career include: project management, planning and organizing, technology, and dedication to continuous learning. After identifying the appropriate career which in my case is marketing, I will have to be prepared to face any career development and alteration in the future. For this to be possible, I will have to remain dynamic in career planning in the short term. In addition, for me to become an expert in the paths of career, I will have to conduct various researches on careers and to scan the environment on regular basis. By doing this I will be better equipped for my next decision. Your target timeframe for the purchase, including the funding of associated costs, taxes and deposit My target timeframe for my first house purchase is 5 years. An estimated budget for servicing your ideal lifestyle including contingency plans (insurances and emergency funding) The intended house to be purchased is a three bedroom house at a cost of ?180,000incl uding all other related expenses. It is located at Cole Close London SE28. It is near Thamesmead shopping Centre. It has a small garden, garage, and is three bed-roomed. Insight and opinion on renting versus buying- The purchase of first house is not mainly about the ownership of personal property. Owning a home involves several costs, risks and responsibilities. My insight and opinion on renting versus buying is that it is better to rent a house rather than to buy. In my view it is costly to buy a house. Renting is better because of: first, simplicity. It takes minimal time to find a house that fits ones needs and desires. Buying on the other hand involves obtaining adequate finance and conducting the necessary inspections hence, buying is time consuming. Secondly is the convenience in renting a house rather than buying. The landlord will be responsible for various tasks of maintenance and upkeep. Therefore, no expenses are incurred on maintenance of a home. Thirdly is flexibility. In a rented house, it is easier to move unlike when in ownership of a house. After buying house, one becomes less mobile. When changes arise for example, in the workplace and one is forced to move the procedure of selling and buying another house is expensive. Fourthly, is increased liquidity, when renting one has large inheritance or fat paycheck. However, one is stretched when buying the first home since it involves down payment and related costs hence, cleans up ones money. The related costs of buying a house include; mortgage payments, property taxes, and insurance, maintenance and repair expenses. On the other hand, while renting one can keep extra cash for one self and makes budgeting easier without upkeep-expenses that home owners are likely to incur. Such expenses involve sudden urge to replace a leaking roof or old furniture and fixtures. Fifth, renting has better diversification. Those with purchased houses have bulk wealth tied in their homes rather than on better altern atives such as stock, bonds, or even starting a small business. The sixth factor is lower cost. If one is living in an area where home prices sky rocketed faster than rentals, real estate may be overpriced and it will not be a wise idea to buy a house. Evidence of research in terms of career, ideal starter-home/location and mortgage (type/ rate/ term etc) As a professional

Cause-Effect essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cause-Effect - Essay Example For couples in the countryside, a little leeway is given. They are allowed two children. Any succeeding child though is equivalent to heavy fines. This restriction has resulted into mass abortions, abusive behavior from officials and a lot of male children. In China, it is customary for the sons to take care of their parents in their old age. Between having a son or a daughter, the obvious choice then is to have a male child. The girls are married off, implying a transfer of responsibilities to the girls’ in-laws. Daniela Deane writes â€Å"in the absence of a social security system, having a son is the difference between starving and eating when one is old†. (80) Because of China’s one-child policy, this has brought in a generation of male children who are obese, lazy and rude. As Deane continues, there exists a 4-2-1syndrome – four grandparents and two parents who zealously ensure that their son has a comfortable life. (78) They feed him anything he wants. They lavish him with attention. They spend hard-earned money on extra-curricular lessons for him. They act like he’s the most precious thing in the world and he is. He is their ticket to a secure life as senior citizens. One example in Deaneâ€⠄¢s essay would be the woman who wanted an operation to revert a previous ligation she had just to have another child as her only son had perished in a car accident. (83) This obsession with male children has other effects than only spoiled male offsprings. For those who are capable of paying fines for another child, their daughters are often neglected. For some who are not so fortunate, daughters are abandoned, neglected or worse, killed. Some moms give birth in seclusion. Baby girls are left in hospitals or in empty lots and open fields, sometimes even on sidewalks. Those who belong to families are not given as much love or attention as the male children. As Deane reported in her essay, the number of missing

Achieving Community Awareness and Commitment Coursework

Achieving Community Awareness and Commitment - Coursework Example In this regard, the leaders are required to increase efficiency along with quality of different sustainable community activities (Bagin et al., 2012). Based on the current policy statements and communication formats, the proposed coursework tends to focus on discussing about the operationalized practices of the educational system of Rome City School District (RCSD), New York based on two major parts. The first part of the discussion incorporates the provisions of providing report card information of the school to a heterogeneous group of community members. In this regard, the discussion analyses the report card information by considering major areas of the school and possible questions that might be occurred relating to the current report cards and communication formats of the institution. The second part of the proposed coursework identifies and evaluates activities to be performed in the assessment that can help RCSD to accomplish its marketing and promotional goals of different academic courses successfully. According to the communication formats of the current educational system in the US, there are a number of guiding principles and policies duly accepted by the regulatory departments in order to increase efficiency of the reporting functions. In this regard, the report card information format of RCSD includes a clear structure of presenting the current educational procedures of the schools with adequate standards, which can be interpreted easily by a heterogeneous group of the community members (Bagin et al., 2012). In order to assess critically the key areas in the current report card information format of the institution, the following three key areas are considered that can differentiate the roles and significance of the RCSD to communicate to the existing community members efficiently. According to an in-depth understanding of the current report card format, compliance with the standards can be considered as a major key aspect that enable RCSD to

Internet Safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Internet Safety - Essay Example Confirmation of declared identity of institutions or users (Bejtlich, 2006). For the verification of identity are required suitable methods for various applications and services, as are the electronic contracting of convention, the control of access in certain data and services (e.g. for the tale-workers) and the verification of web sites (e.g., for internet banks). It should also be included the possibility of anonymity, since a lot of services do not only need the identity of user but reliable confirmation of certain criteria of (called â€Å"anonymous credentials†), as the solvency. Protection of communications or stored given opposite interception and reading by not permitted individuals (Greene, 2004). It is particularly required for the transmission of sensitive data and she is one from the requirements that correspond in the concern of protection of private life of virtuous networks of communications. It is a device which permits, restricts computer traffic in accordance to the security policies enforced in the business rules. Firewalls are either implemented through hardware, software, or both. They work best in detecting attacks that could enter or leave your system through an open port, such as worms and some Trojan horses. They do not scan the fragmented packets so in that way male wares attached to e-mails are still threats inside your network. The electronic communications can intercept and the data can be copied or modified. Interception it can be realized with various ways. Potential damage: The outlaw interception can cause damage, so as much violation of private life of individuals, what via the exploitation of data that they have been intercepted (Panko, 2004). Likely solutions: Defense against interception can emanate with the encryption of data that is transmitted via the network. Potential damage: The not permitted access has occasionally as motive mental challenge and no

CSR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CSR - Essay Example or a number of years, IMB has worked in line with other organizations that are of likeminded opinions in ensuring effective delivery of sustainable services to the members of the society. Amongst the benefits that have been successfully delivered to the local society includes sustainable management by offering modern types of machines that, emits less carbon footprints to the environment. Moreover, the company has developed an environmental sustainability and leadership strategy that helps to the implementation of the environmental policy affair to ensure that the organization is at the forefront in advocating for environmental protection worldwide1. The organization also ensures the maximum consideration of the well being of all the staff members throughout all the branches. IBM incorporates the employees in all the aspects of strategic business plan globally as a way of ensuring that health, safety as well as the environment where the workforce takes place meets the required standards. since organizations are often associated by challenges of health from the workforce, some other extra programs have been implemented which, aims at promoting the physical well being while improving the psychological status of each and every employee who works within the IBM organization. Consequently, IBM is committed to supportive workplace environment by giving their workers freedom and liberty. For such reasons, the employees are given chances and opportunities to seek for other additional benefits with flexible working environments. This practice has been evidenced through launching of childcare in iterative and the creating of global work l ife fund which concerns the quality independent care of communities while helping the employees to manage their personal issues2. IBM has also partnered with most of the leading educational institutions and universities to help foster and strengthen information system studies. This has been done to ensure that the students become

Research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research - Assignment Example The main problem, which was the reason of the study, was that of lack of such factual evidence through past studies on the facts of the health conditions within a society. The main aim that the study had was estimating the health burden that Germany as a country bore caused by the morbidity as well as mortality associated with obesity and related complications as seen from the perspective of the society. Besides, the study focused on estimating the deaths that occurred within Germany in 2002 being related to obesity as well as the overweight related complications. Moreover, the study was to establish the costs incurred in the country from such deaths that would result and this would be gotten from inpatient records, out patient records. Rehabilitation as well as non-medical costs were also on the check as direct costs while indirect costs were evaluated from sick offs, and early retirement costs among others. The research study format fails to cite distinctly the questions guiding the study as well as the hypothesis under which the study was conducted. This therefore leaves the reader with the liberty of evaluating the study report with presumed line of argument as not guided by clear-cut hypothesis and or questions. The data that was collected from the office of statistics in Germany (German Federal Statistics) and therefore survey method was used as the most appropriate tool for collecting data (Konnopka, Bo ¨demann & Ko ¨nig, 2011). The use of the survey to collect the data from the secondary sources was effective as the study was to use primary data for the year 2002 where collecting the data through other tools would not be possible. Besides, the adoption of the tool was necessitated by the nature of the research as being quantitative and hence factual empirical data for the analysis was necessary. The analysis of the data involved

The Correlation of Emotional Intelligence to Job Performance Literature review

The Correlation of Emotional Intelligence to Job Performance - Literature review Example Employee’s Job performance is so important that it can spell the difference between success and failure, viability and demise of an organization in a competitive business world. Job Performance involves quantity and quality of outcomes from individual or group effort attainment (Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn, 2005). Robbins (2005) described job performance as the amount of effort an individual will exert in his or her job. Moreover, the essence of the job performance relies on â€Å"the demands of the job, the goals and missions of the organization, and the beliefs in the organization about which behaviors are most valued† (Befort & Hattrup, 2003, p. 17). Job performance is defined as the aggregated value of the discrete behavioral episodes to the organization that an individual performs over a standard interval of time (Motowildo, Borman and Schmidt, 1997) 54 One facet that it needs to explore for the possibility of enhancing employee performance is emotional intelligen ce. To determine if emotional aptitude has a bearing in enhancing employee performance and if there is, on what specific occasion does it prove beneficial to the organization. ...His main focus was to suggest that the understanding and perception of our own feelings, as well as those of others, was a distinguishable difference to that of general intelligence†. Gardner (1983), expanding on the concepts presented in early intelligence work as well as social intelligence theory, developed a theory of multiple intelligences. ...one of the seven areas of intelligence discussed in multiple intelligence theory, personal intelligence, corresponds to earlier theories such as social intelligence. Two domains or divisions exist within the theory of personal intelligence. Intrapersonal knowledge or intelligence describes the ability to access and express personal inner emotions while interpersonal intelligence focuses on a person's ability to recognize and process emotion in others.  

Increasing population Essay Example for Free

Increasing population Essay Increasing population poses a greater threat to the future of our planet than consumption. Hinrichsen explains the effects of population to our environment. As the world population grows, the demand for natural resources also increases. Consumption poses a threat in the sense that it is needed to accommodate the worlds population. It is possible to reduce consumption the lesser population the world has, but while the population grows, more and more resources are needed, even at least to support the basic needs like food and shelter. Population has been growing faster than food supplies in 64 of 105 developing countries. Arable lands and forests are also exploited to meet the demand of increasing population. Fresh water sources cannot keep up its pace of renewing itself from a steadily increasing population. The seas are also overexploited to supply the demand of population. Futhermore, human activities also affect the environment through poor sanitation and pollution. The more people there are, the more contributors to threatening the future of our planet. 2) Based on your answer to question 1, please name two potential solutions to mitigate the impact this threat has on the planet (be specific). Hinrichsen suggested sollutions to the problem posed by the increasing world population. The most obvious one is to reduce population growth rate. â€Å"Slowing population growth would buy time to protect natural resources† (Hinrichsen, 2000). Family planning programs, aside from improving the welfare of families, will play a key role to stabilizing world population and the future would benefit from it. Energy conservation would also play a vital role to preserving our future, however little it may contribute. Increasing energy efficiency, like carbon efficiency in automobiles, would eventually reduce pollution. Hinrichsen also suggested that managing cities better and discouraging technologies that produce high levels of wastes would help save the future of the world. Bibliography Hinrichsen, Don and Bryant Robey. â€Å"Population and the environment: A global challenge. † Excerpts from a Johns Hopkins University report. October 2000. American Institute of Biological Sciences. 3 July 2008 http://www. actionbioscience. org/environment/hinrichsen_robey. html

Analysis of Hospital Quality Management Team

Analysis of Hospital Quality Management Team Contents INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND History Vision Mission Core values MAIN SERVICES AVAILABLE, HOW SERVICES ARE DELIVERED AND TARGET POPULATION ISSUES IDENTIFIED ANALYSIS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM REFERENCES INTRODUCTION This is an in-depth analysis of quality management program conducted in Villingili hospital. Improving the quality of care management practice is a concern in many countries regardless of differences in definition, organization, and funding of services. Quality assurance involves a commitment to guaranteeing the quality of services, not as an additional element attached to the service, but as part of an ongoing system in which performance is monitored and achievement measured against set standards or benchmarks (Camp, 1989; Crosby, 1979; Oakland, 1993 cited in Clarkson Challis, 2003). First a brief introduction of the hospital will be presented followed by the discussion of various quality related issues that can be identified within the hospital. Followed by this, one quality management effort, which is the indoor environment of the hospital, will be analyzed. Subsequently, recommendations for any other strategies that could be implemented to improve the present situation and to overcome quality issues that are not part of any quality program at present will be elaborated. BACKGROUND History Villingili hospital was first opened as a health center in 21st April 1994. The health center was initially opened as a branch of Male’ Health center. The health center was set up in a four room building provided by Male’ municipality. On 15th April 2002, the government changed the health center to a three story building. On 14th August 2014, the health center was changed to a third grade hospital; same level as an atoll hospital. Vision: strive to provide healthcare services to people of Villingili and to make the community aware regarding health life styles and to provide ideal, quality and acceptable health care service to residents of Villingili. Mission: To provide an uninterrupted health care to residents of Villingili. To diagnose and treat different types of diseases and work towards the prevention of these diseases. To further develop the laboratory services. Core values: no core values are identified by the organization. Even though the Villingili Hospital have a rich history, it was depressing to find that the staff of the hospital was unaware of the vision, mission and core values of the organization. MAIN SERVICES AVAILABLE, HOW SERVICES ARE DELIVERED AND TARGET POPULATION The main services available in this hospital are, consultation services from general practitioners, consultation from specialized practitioners, laboratory services, community health care, vaccination and nursing care services. The target population is the residents of Villingili, whose population is around 17,000 people according to Villingili hospital. Specialized doctors’ consultations are on specific days. Gynecological consultations are done on Sundays and Wednesdays from 08:00am to 04:00pm. Orthopedics consultations are done on Sundays and Mondays at 08:00am to 04:00pm by Orthopeadician Dr. Hussain Faisal. Pediatrician consultations are done on Mondays and Tuesdays at 08:00am to 04:00 pm. All consultants are arranged sent from IGMH. Vaccination and child growth monitoring is done on all working days from 09:00 am to 01:00 pm. All available services are provided within the hospital. Even though they have a community health service unit, home visiting are not done. Services are provided 24 hours throughout the day, and shift duties are done by all consultants, nurses, receptionists, interpreters, ambulance drivers and attendants. Even though specialized consultations are done, it is evident that both the consultants and clients face enormous difficulty to diagnose and treat diseases and conditions as essential and compulsory diagnostic services such as ultra sound scanning and x-ray services are not available in the hospital. ISSUES IDENTIFIED After conducting surveys in the Villingili hospital and interpreting the results, I have identified some issues related to quality of service provided by the facility. Here are the results of the survey conducted in the facility. In the survey questionnaire, a question was used targeting to identify the staff response to patients need and their courteousness. The evaluation will be accurate if we analyze the situation in both directions. According to the hospital officials, clients can consult general practitioners through a walk in OPD. But the consultation for specialized practitioners such as the orthopeadician and gyneacologist, clients have to make appointment prior to consultation. Appointments are issued until the planned slots are filled. From the interviews conducted, we understood that the time delay dissatisfaction usually arose during busy situations where the doctor who is consulting in the OPD have to attend in patients or emergency cases. Some clients also noted that the doctors sometimes goes for break while more than 10 clients are waiting outside. A service provider have to consider suitable timings in order to provide a quality service to the clients. In order to evaluate this, we questioned whether they are satisfied with service timing of the facility, both general and specialized consultations. Among 10 clients, 2 clients (20%) informed that they are not satisfied with the time for specialized consultation while 3 clients (30%) told that they are moderately satisfied and 5 patients (50%) are fully satisfied with the service timing. Figure 1 Even though they get the appointment for specialized consultation and can consult the general practitioner through a walk in OPD, the time taken to consult the doctors vary. To verify the time taken to consult the doctor, we gave time ranges from 0-10 minutes, 20-30 minutes and more than 30 minutes. According to the clients who gave the interviews 5 clients (50%) informed that they had to wait between 0-10 minutes, 3 clients (30%) told that they waited between 20-30 minutes for the consultation and 2 clients (20%) stated that they waited for more than 30 minutes to consult the doctor. These findings are presented below in figure 2. Figure 2 Identification of the client satisfaction and dissatisfaction is crucial in order to upgrade and provide an ideal and acceptable quality service to the clients. In order to identify the overall satisfaction of the clients regarding the time they spent during consultation, we included questions targeting this issue. According to 7 clients, (70%) they are fully satisfied with the time they spent and 3 clients (30%) are not satisfied. These results are shown below in figure 3. According to the information we collected, we found that most clients highlighted that the biggest issue they face is the way the staff communicate with them. Some clients have informed that they were left feeling like a fool during consultations and some staff spoke rudely to them. Few noted they feel that the staff are overburdened with responsibilities and they seem very unenthusiastic. In addition to this, some clients informed that the staff seems to be involved in their personal things while attending the clients who goes to the counter for different things. Communication effectively with patient and family is a cornerstone of providing quality health care (Patient care improvement guide, 2008). The manner in which health care provider communicate information to a patient can be equally important as information being conveyed (Patient care improvement guide, 2008). Patient surveys have demonstrated when communication is lacking, it is palpably felt and can lead to patients feeling increased anxiety, vulnerability and powerlessness (Patient care improvement guide, 2008). Among 10 clients, 5 clients (50%) informed that the staff was poor in areas being respectful, friendly helpful and courteous. Another 3 clients (30%) noted that the staff was fair in this area while the remaining 2 clients (20%) informed that the staff was good in this area. It is depressing to note that not even one client told that the staff was great in this area. The information is shown in a pie chart below in figure 1. Figure 1 The next question was whether the staff explained the procedure and how they answer questions asked by clients. Among 10 clients, 6 clients (60%) informed that the staff was poor in explaining the procedure and answer questions asked by them. Another 3 clients (30%) noted that the staff was fair in this area. The remaining 1 clients (10%) informed that the staff was good in this area. The information is illustrated in figure 2. Figure 2. According to the information collected through survey, it is clear that most clients highlighted that the biggest issue they face is the way the staff communicate with them. Some clients have informed that they were left feeling like a fool during consultations and some staff spoke rudely to them. Few noted they feel that the staff are overburdened with responsibilities and they seem very unenthusiastic. In addition to this, some clients informed that the staff seems to be involved in their personal things while attending the clients who goes to the counter for different things. The issues identified through survey with clients of this facility that, may hinder the quality of service provided are, ineffective communication and unenthusiastic staff. Additionally, by conducting interview with the senior administrative officer of Villingili health center, it is evident that some staff lack knowledge in some areas such as care during emergency situations. Lack of knowledge is due to lack of practice as the institute have less inpatients who needs constant care. Communication effectively with patient and family is a cornerstone of providing quality health care (Patient care improvement guide, 2008). The manner in which health care provider communicate information to a patient can be equally important as information being conveyed (Patient care improvement guide, 2008). Patient surveys have demonstrated when communication is lacking, it is palpably felt and can lead to patients feeling increased anxiety, vulnerability and powerlessness (Patient care improvement guide, 2008). ANALYSIS OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT EFFORT As the Villingili Hospital is being rebuild to accommodate required facilities to function as a hospital, patients’ and staff are facing various difficulties. The major difficulty that most people face is that consultant rooms are situated in the first floor of the building. A person does not have to be elderly to have a difficulty to climb stairs, and because of this arrangement some patients have faced difficulty. It is evident that the changes to the present building is being brought on to provide a quality service to the customers. However, the effect of physical environment on healing process is evident through research. The arrangement of wards, labor rooms, consultant rooms and waiting areas and its physical environment such as ventilation, lighting, and temperature is important aspects to consider to provide a quality hospital environment. From my personal experience, it is clear that the physical environment of hospital is set to ease the staff only and patient prefer ence or perspective is rarely considered. As I have experienced, I have faced immense difficulty when I went for a consultation with high grade fever and wheezing. The consultant’s room air conditioner was set a temperature where it was difficult for me to utter a single word without clattering my teeth. Additionally, I have found that the present physical environment of the Villingili hospital can be considered dangerous for patient especially the elderly and young. The present construction activities and especially the smooth tiles put on the floor of the hospital is a hazard for falls. For this analysis, I will be looking into the extraneous factors of the hospital in order to deliver a quality service. Extraneous factor of hospital The physical work environment often influences (positively or negatively) the mindset of the service providers and their efficiency and capability to innovate in delivering expanded services (). Sometimes the aspects of the consultation rooms can have a negative impact. Such as the consultation room being too cold, hot, dark, noisy or unwelcoming (Moulton, 2007). Distractions in the room include visual distractions (eye catching photographs or art), auditory distractions (sounds from the waiting room or next consultation room) and olfactory distractions (bad odors or body odor of previous patients) (Moulton, 2007). Suboptimal seating arrangement also can be a negative extraneous factor of hospital, such as seats being hard and uncomfortable (Moulton, 2007). In recent years, the effects of the physical environment on the healing process and well-being have proved to be increasingly relevant for patients and their families as well as for healthcare staff (Huisman, Morales, Hool Korts, 2012) Studies have shown that excessive noise, glare and poor air quality can create stress as is evidenced by increased heart and blood pressure and reduced oxygen level in the blood in both adults and babies who are exposed to these environment (Blomkvist, Ericksen, Theorell, Ulrich, Rasmanis, 2005; Hagerman, Rasmanis, Blomkvist, Ulrich, Eriksen, Theorell, 2005;Zahr Traversay 1995 cited in Zborowsky Kreitzer, 2008). A healing environment with appropriate physical aspects contribute to patients’ outcome such as shorter length of stay, reduced stress, increased patients satisfaction and others (Ulrich et al., 2004 cited in Hussain Babalghith, 2014). REFERENCES Clarkson, P., Challis, D. (2003). Quality Assurance Practices in Care Management: A Perspective from the United Kingdom. Care Management Journals, 4, (3), 142-151. Huisman, E. R. C. M., Morales, E., Hool, J. V. Korts, H. S. M. (2012). Healing environment: A review of the impact of physical environmental factors on users. Building and Environment (58), 70–80. Moultan, L. (2007). The Naked Consultation: A Practical Guide to Primary Care Consultation Skill (1st ed). United Kingdom, UK: Radcliffe Publishing. WHO. (2004). Quality Improvement in Primary Health Care; A Practical Guide. WHO regional publication, Eastern Mediterranean Series 26. Zborowsky, T., Kreitzer, M. J. (2008). Creating Optimal Healing Environment in Health Care Setting. Clinical and Health Affairs, 91(3), 35-38. Saushan Rasheed Quality Assurance in Health Care Assignment 2

Analysis of Marxist Theories of Crime

Analysis of Marxist Theories of Crime According to Karl Marx, crime is as a result of the social structures and the economic system that is implemented Karl Marx is a renowned scholar who came up with different kinds of theories to explain the various situations in the world of sociology and economics. In his school of criminology, he largely focuses on conflict criminology and why things change and the role of society in these changes. He acknowledges that the shift from one society to another is not at all smooth as there are obstacles for example, crime. According to Marxism, for the different societies in the world, there exist different social classes. These are based on what each group owns and what it is therefore in control of. The conflict was persistent due to the ownership of the means of production which included land, labor and tools. Hence, the conflict was between the owners and the non-owners of the various means of production. As a result, there was a rise of the two social classes; the working class (less powerful) and the ruling class (more powerful). In a capitalist economic system, the main means of production include factories and machineries. As a result, the owners of these means of production are out to gain all that they can from the implementation of these means of production. However, they still need labor in order to complete the production process. Their main objective is to maximize profits and as such, they result to minimization of the labor costs as much as possible. As a result, the working class is angered by the low wages and is ultimately tired of the exploitation by the persistent means of production owners. Eventually, the working class tends to alienate itself from the overbearing production process. The working class will therefore try anything in its power so as to overthrow the owners who have continuously been exploiting their labor. (Crutchfield, 2000) In their continuous endeavor to overthrow the dominating ruling class, there is competition among them and things become harder. Karl Marx notes that in due course, the working class realizes that the means of production owners also dominate the political divide. As such, their needs are well catered for in the formation of the laws that govern them. They not only have economic control, but also political control. It is then that the working class realizes that they are trapped in their course for freedom and equality. The working class therefore becomes vulnerable and results to crime. After all, there is hardly any way out as the owners of means of production have completely dominated the economy. The poor continue to be poor while the rich become richer. Marxist argued that it was only through theorists like them coming out to clearly inform the working class of who their enemies really are that the conflict resolution would advance and eventually the working class would achieve their sole objective of having some form of control. He argued that with the underpinnings of the capitalist system being brought to light, the fall of this system would be hastened and a communist system would be eventually reached. A system where there were no rights to private property and hence, a society free of classes and oppression. (Tibbetts Hemmens, 2009) Though he did not largely dwell on deviance, Karl largely mentioned about criminal tendencies. He even ironically mentions that had there been no criminals, then personnel such as judges and the police would have no jobs. Marx largely dwells on the societal pressures in doing wrongs other than the individual motives of being immoral. This is largely supported by some scholars for example, Merton who argues that the problem of alienation is mainly due to the social structure other than social change since the society presents equal goal to be achieved yet there are no equal means of achieving the set out goals and objectives. It therefore becomes a form of survival for the fittest. Deviance therefore, is as a result of incompatibility of what the society expects of the working class and the social structure that is in existence. It is accepted by all sociologists that for a society to function effectively, there needs to exist some sort of social order. Laws that govern a state should be for the sole interest of the state. However, there seems to emerge a group that is always leading. This could be as a result of the power that they solely possess. The emergence of such a group could be as a result of efficiently and effectively using power. According to Marx, it is also a huge possibility that the group owns the means of production and is hence in control. A good example is the case of British Colonialism Law in East Africa that resulted in the ruling class having complete control over the coffee plantations. As a result crime becomes on the rise as the working class, though wrongfully, fights for its right. According to the sociologist researchers, it is evident once a group of people have political power, they end embedding all ownership rights of property to themselves and the working class is left at their mercy. As a result, crime rises. Marx was for the idea that means of production should be communally owned in a communist system. As a result, there would be less crime being committed. The only solution to the crime issue is to have a socialist revolution. For example, in Western Europe there is very minimal crime since that part of the world is more socialist as compared to the United States of America. (Marsh Melville, 2006) On the issue of crime, Karl Marxs theory of alienation is also applicable. Over the years, some types of crime have continuously been labeled working class crime. The only question that is commonly left out is whether or not there are certain reasons that make these crimes to only be mostly committed by the working class group. Critically looking at it, it becomes clearer that there are certain factors that leave the working class as the sole victims of these crimes. We also note that crimes in the society do vary depending on different elements for example, age. In case a crime has been committed, it is evident that the judgment passed is highly dependent on the social class that one belongs to. Marxism argued that the final judgment is highly dependent on ones ability to be represented by a good lawyer. However, it is notably difficult for an individual from the working class group to be able to hire a good lawyer due to the limiting factors such as financial limitations. The same analysis is persistent in terms of the punishment that the offender receives. This leads to bias and inequality. Therefore, the main causes of criminality are hugely as a result of capitalism. For instance, the huge economic inequalities whereby the powerless (working class) are exploited by the powerful (ruling class). It is also vividly evident that the values imposed by capitalism push the working class to committing crimes. There is also the tendency of laws to imply that working class groups are the more likely wrong doers than the ruling class. As a result, there exists conflict between the working class individuals who also believe that they are enemies yet it is the ruling class who continuously exploit them every other day. (Greenberg, 1993) The Marxist theories do not at all rely on the available statistics on crime. They insist on the fact they are actually biased and do not at all in a clear way represent the actual distribution of criminality. They also argue that the statistics do not include the crimes of the ruling class because the laws governing such information are hugely biased. They do not allow access to some crimes; those committed by the ruling class are protected. As a result the Realists have criticized these views by the Marxists. They agree that the official statistics may be inaccurate but they still argue that the dismissal is too readily done. They argue that the statistics would be a huge basis for the explanations of crime and deviance. This therefore is a major weakness of the Marxist theories. Another major criticism is based on the fact that the Marxist theories do not deal with matters of gender and crime. As such, the theories are viewed to be inconclusive. For instance, in terms of gender, the theories would have dealt with issues on domestic violence. It is more likely that the working class women would be more prone to domestic violence as compared to women of the ruling class. This could be partly because the available incomes do not meet the needs that present themselves and arguments therefore ensue resulting in domestic violence. Generally, the level of crime is highly propagated by the fact that in our societies there exist classes and as a result there result conflicts between the different classes. The ruling class, which is more powerful, uses law to cover for their evil deeds that go unpunished. On the other hand, the working class is always punished for any crime because they are just mere subjects. These crimes are majorly as a result of the capitalism system which only dehumanizes the individuals who have hardly any power and are therefore helpless. The only solution to all the suffering so that everyone will feel that they are receiving equal treatments is the capitalism system being scrapped off. This way, crime will be largely decreasing. For as long as people are not treated equally, criminal behavior will never cease since there will always be one group of people that will be being exploited. (Akers, 1999) There have been suggestions by several scholars on peaceful solutions to criminology. This is such that in place of imprisonment, offenders should be practice of mediation so as to solve the arising problem. There should also be a theory why women commit less crime as compared to men, even in situations where the women are also part of the ruling class. From the above evaluation, we all anticipate that the findings of the Marxist would be put into practice so as to ensure that there is equality all over the world. This is a free world and no one should be discriminated against just because they are not of a particular social divide. Policy makers in states should carefully choose the best economic system to ensure equality of its people. The interest of the people should always be prioritized. The Marxists findings are a basis for a better tomorrow.

Analyzing the Effects of Educational Structure of Vietnam on the Greate

Analyzing the Effects of Educational Structures and Opportunities of Vietnam on the Greater Society Abstract: Education attainment is the highest level of formal education a person achieves within a given society. With education there are more opportunities, including a better standard of living. Vietnam is a developing country that sees the benefits of higher education, but due to structural problems, students and administration are dealt with many pressures to overcome. This paper uses structural theories of Weber and Parsons to analyze the current situations in Vietnam. By using public publications and personal interviews, inferences are made about the future development of the country. ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF THE EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE OF VIETNAM ON THE GREATER SOCIETY â€Å"Hope is important because it can make the present moment less difficult to bear. If we believe that tomorrow will be better, we can bear a hardship today.† - Thà ­ch Nhá º ¥t Há º ¡nh, This quote spoken by Thà ­ch Nhá º ¥t Há º ¡nh, a religious scholar, Buddhist monk and activist from Vietnam represents the aspiration to have a better life that all people seek. This message, while short, concisely represents the attitudes of many individuals coming from impoverished or developing countries. Generally from a sociological perspective, aspiration profoundly influences people to achieve. The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a Southeast Asian nation on the brinks of social development within both public and private sectors. The country which is noted for its single party communist agenda with French civil statute influences, it has re-opened western diplomacy in the last two decades since the Vietnam War. The summer of 2010 marked Vietnam’s 15th ann... ...the abilities for individuals to make decisions accordingly. In particular, family units may influence big decisions, such as what university or college to enter and what a child should choose as a major. Of course, various family units may have varying demands on members, depending on living conditions. This topic will be further discussed later in this paper. In society, there is what sociologists call life chances. Max Weber developed this term and it refers to the opportunities available for a given person within a society (Anderson and Howard 2009). As indicated in our introduction, this often reflects particular stratification of an individual. This also correlates with how individuals interact within society as an institution. Perhaps, life chances could be grouped with the adaptation function with student’s using the resources that are presented to them.

Three Strike Laws Essay -- Law Laws Argumentative Persuasive papers

Three Strike Laws Mandatory minimums and three strike laws, are they really the answer to the crime problem America has faced for years? Many would say yes, including me, as long as it is for a violent crime such as murder, rape or arson; some feel that even theft, drug trafficking or possession, and burglary are all worthy of the 25-to-life sentence that can be carried under the mandatory minimums for three strike laws. A three-strike law is a law that states that you will be sentenced to 25years to life for three violations and convictions of a law. Where the three strike laws have mandatory sentences, mandatory sentences aren’t always tied in with three strike laws. A mandatory minimum is a law that requires someone serve a predetermined amount of time in prison for specific offenses and the only way to have it reduced is by assisting the authorities in further convictions of others. In California a man was sentenced under the three strike laws for theft because he had two prior convictions. This man had been convicted of robbery and attempted robbery; therefore the slice of pizza he stole got him 25 years to life in prison (Lungren Trumpets ‘Three Strikes’ Law). Yes now, in California, you can be sent to prison for life if you take a slice of pizza from someone. Let’s talk about how fair these laws are. Many say that these laws are used to profile African Americans and inner-city minorities primarily by the sentencing difference in rock and powder cocaine. There is a difference in the two forms and how they’re sold. Cocaine can be bought and sold as powder or rocks, also known as crack or crack cocaine. The effects of each are essentially the same. People will get the same effects with powder as w... ...ad, Peter. â€Å"Mandatory Sentences: Putting the Record Straight† Contemporary Review 270.1573 (1997): 57-61. Easton, Steve. â€Å"Incarceration Aids Drug Fight.† USA Today 30 Sept. 2002: News A11. Free, Jr. Marvin D. â€Å"The Impact of Federal Sentencing Reforms on African Americans.† Journal of Black Studies 28.2 (1997): 268-287. Goodwin, Catherine M. â€Å"Determining Mandatory Minimums In Drug Conspiracy Cases.† Federal Probation 59.1 (1995): 74-79. Heath, Erin. â€Å"One-Track Justice.† National Journal 33.34 (2001): 2614-2617. Locy, Toni and Joan Biskupic. â€Å"U.S. Panel to Urge Change in Crack Penalties.† USA Today 4 Aug. 2002: News A3. Stodghill, II, Ron. â€Å"Unequal Justice: Why Women Fare Worse.† Time 2 Jan. 1999: 50-52. Taylor Jr., Stewart. â€Å"Good Pardons, Bad Laws, and Bush’s Unique Opportunity.† National Journal 33.7 (2001): 466-468.

Demanding Creativity: A Production-Oriented Approach to Teaching the Comedia :: Essays Papers

Demanding Creativity: A Production-Oriented Approach to Teaching the Comedia For a growing number of people in the twentieth century United States, the phrase "twenty-first century" evokes the current prominence and future promise of information-age technology. The wonders of e-mail, Web browsing, and "wired" classrooms have descended upon all of us, and these developments have made lasting contributions to the way we think, organize our time, plan our activities, and interact with other people.1 With each passing year, more and more groups and individuals embrace computer technology—most notably, the Internet—for personal and professional purposes, and teachers, scholars, schools, and institutes seem to be at the forefront of this movement. In general, this trend remains in an incipient stage, as the mystique of the Internet has not fully given way to the established use of it, and as profound socio-economic disparities within our society keep the promise and implementation of any computer-based activity out of the reach of some educators and m any students.2 Even in the colleges, universities, and privileged school districts where the technological revolution has been solidly institutionalized for teaching and research purposes, there exist among today’s students—Don Tapscott’s "Net Generation" or "N-Gen"—significant disparities in interest and familiarity with the medium that defines them.3 The twenty first century as a special moment in the history of the technologizing of society may indeed be overstated, but it is certain that Internet technology exercises a direct influence on select aspects of our society, and this phenomenon has affected and continues to affect the people and institutions of society that have remained at the margins of technologization.4 In particular, the process of creation and consumption of Internet technology in certain circles of United States society has emerged from and reinforced an image culture established during this century by the mass popularity of blockbuster cinema and broadcast television.5 The predominantly visual nature of information, ideas, and epistemology of cinema and television has defined image culture in the United States, and image culture, in turn, has transformed and marginalized the primarily verbal nature of information, ideas, and epistemology of print culture. As image culture has established itself in our society, there has been no lack of cultural historians who have taken to print in order to lament the demise of print culture. Neil Postman argues in Amusing Ourselves to Death that this century’s triumph of television over books has weakened the quality of public discourse and thus has rendered education ineffectual.

A Memorable Term Essay

In Mr. Rodriguez’s Spanish 1-2 class, we have learned so many new things and have had the amazing opportunity to gain more fluency in another language. Some of the goals we had in the beginning of the term were to learn the appropriate level of Spanish, for example more knowledge of verbs, and how to say basic conversations and greetings. We were expected to have learned everything we were taught, and the basic part of the Spanish language. Mr. Macfarland was our Spanish teacher, and his techniques were that we did our homework in homework packets, and we would sing our vocabulary, which benefited us and helped us memorize it in an easier way. When we took test, quizzes and answered questions aloud, he could judge if we were learning or not by the answers we would give, or the grades we would receive. The family project we did in Mr. Macfarland’s class was definitely the most memorable and enjoyable assignment we did. Throughout my freshman year, I didn’t do any other project that was like the family project we did in his class, and that is what made it so enjoyable. It was fun to go through old pictures, and be able to sort of introduce you’re family to your class. I did well in my Spanish class, receiving high grades on most assignments. Some of the difficulties I experienced were doing homework, because that was the only class I had homework in everyday and also book work, because it was hard to understand sometimes. I learned many new interesting things; I learned how to have a conversation in Spanish, also verbs in Spanish. Throughout this term I have improved greatly. I have gained a lot more knowledge, because in the beginning of the term the only thing I could say was hello. As for my achievements, I am so proud that I received an A in my class, because that was highly beyond my expectations. I would grade my effort about a B-, because there were a lot of times I would slack off and not do homework and my performance about a B because I sometimes talked during that class but paid attention and got serious when it was necessary. Learning Spanish can benefit me in my future because I will be able to slightly comprehend others when they are speaking Spanish, which is very important because many people speak Spanish in San Diego. Also, I will continue learning Spanish for my sophomore year. I did not have issues out of school that affect my classroom experience. Next year I would like to improve my effort, and if I continue taking Spanish in college it could help my transcript from having learned a second language. To reach my goals in the near future, I will continue taking languages because I feel it is something I need to succeed and something I enjoy doing. During this Spanish class, I have had so many amazing experiences it is beyond belief. I will never forget how comical and odd Mr. Mac was. I will also never forget how he made us sing our vocabulary because I have never been able to have fun while learning the meaning of words. Overall, I have made many memories in this Spanish 1-2 class that I will never forget.

Causes of obesity Essay

Alderman describes the problem with great success that gets the refs attention. She introduces the problem by explaining unwashed causes of obesity, which are addressed in Michelle Obamas campaign recently. Referring to the nations archetypal lady to address her issue, Alderman intensifies the problem so the contributor can see it better. She past quotes the Center for Disease Control and bar statistic that one of three children in this bucolic is overweight or obese. The author in any case uses statistics and facts to dramatize the problem making the reader actu completelyy feel the problem, thus good- tindered to their pathos. She evokes a ace of anxiousness for the parents because they whitethorn feel surprised and worried if their children take up the same problem with obesity. To inspire such(prenominal) pathos and to further convince the reader that the problem must be solved, she applies logos. She explains that if perform is not taken, many kids are at risk for T ype 2 diabetes and heart disease.In addition, by referring to Michelle Obama and giving identification to a study and relevant sources, she similarly establishes her ethos. By creating pathos, logos, and ethos while describing the problem, Alderman is very useful in giving the problem presence. Alderman is likewise very successful in describing her resolving she does a terrific job of enhancing the force out of her proposal through striking optic texts. Each element in her answer is emphasized with capitalized, bold headings such as FACE THE FACTS. Within these categories are her recommendations to all parents. She speaks directly to them and her goal is to inform them of untried information about what they can do to keep their family healthy and avoid childishness obesity. Using the visual technique, Alderman creates a sense of trustworthiness, which appeals to her audience to do what is recommended.

Intertextual Relationship Between Renoir’s Parte de Campagne Essay

France can be credited as the home to the film industry. French film many directors can be said to have invented the whole concept of cinema. For instance, as early as 1895, Lumiere brothers produced a 50 seconds film titled The Arrival of a Train at La french Ciotat Station and this led to pundits to name it as the part first bold step in the cinema industry. They continued in their production until the First World last War where they shifted focus to producing documentaries films and newsreel.A few of those essays will have an specific main notion, while some are .166). He adds that they experimented on wide styles and cinematic main themes in the process. However, France was plunged into the Second World War in 1939 which consequently led to slow down the evolution of the cinema industry.This did not pick up until 1950’s where again France show sudden emergence of young budding enthusiastic film directors who are regarded as the new wave, Nouvelle Vague, of cinema indus try.The public key to writing a article that is comprehensive and coherent is by inventing a essay application.

Renoir’s Partie de Campagne is a forty-minute film produced in 1936. It is regarded as the greatest unfinished film ever made. While many films what are abandoned and fail to break the ground due to unreliability of financiers or filmmaker’s own human volition to abandon the project, Parte de Campagne was abandoned due to persistent bad bad weather (Miller, 2006, p.3).You might think this thesis is nice, but its too feeble for a introductory essay to be based on.While in the village and as the men family members proceed to fishing, the mother, Juliette (Jeanne Marken), is involved in a flirtation with another man from the village while her daughter, Herinette (Sylvia Bataille), also gets into intimacy with a babbling young man, Henri, identified as George Saint-Saens.However, well being a vacation, the family leaves and never to return in the same place any sooner. When they did eight fourteen years later, so much had changed. We learn their love was unfortunately hampered by Anatole (Paul Temps), a partner of Monsieur Dufour that Henriette was forced to marry.Renoir came from a royal family that was bad.

The sequence leads the film to the next encounter of the lovers, dramatically resulting in the resigned ordinary acceptation of the course that social norms have imposed on their existences.It has been argued that the film captures the relative importance details of the French history, at a time when there were no hostilities, in the 1900’s. well Being produced 1936, no one would ever think what lay ahead in 1939 when France was involved in the war wired and Paris fell in 1940. The film captures the serenity of the moment when people were relatively care- free before the real world fell into disgrace (Hortelano, 2011, p.Renoirs work did women and shock men at the start.However, the two seem to first put emphasis on the theme of love. The subject, as will occur for most of Truffaut’s films is the result of a literary adaptation: a short story by Maurice Pons, contained in Les Virginales. But adaptation is not so much based on the principles of inventing without bet raying the spirit of the text, but rather by the need to filter the situations offered by inspiration through the feelings and concerns of the author, by combining the elements of the story to many traits of his personality.Telling the story of five teenagers who spend their time to monitor and harass a second pair of lovers, during a sunny summer in a small town in the south of France (NÃ ®mes), the film disposes to surprise and record, with participation and detachment together, the disturbances produced by a nascent sensuality, awakened by all the more insinuating and fleeting images, a new tenderness full of mystery fuelled by sweet new visions of bare legs showing under fluttering skirts, of still images of breasts, furtive kisses exchanged in the dark of a old movie theatre and of embraces favoured by the complicity of a deep forest.Intertextuality is the consequence of the choice of an author.

Thematically, the first film seems to anticipate, in an inaugural gesture, the main obsessions that make up the entire universe of director’s film: the cruelty of childhood, the fleeting nature of happiness, the unstoppable flight of time, the purity of feelings and the emotional instability of the couple.Claude Beylie, in â€Å"Cahiers du cinà ©ma† comments upon the film â€Å"I ​​like this sincerity on the skin that follows them such like the look of someone who has not forgotten his childhood, this luminous sensuality that they pursue (and the camera with them) without having the exact consciousness, this unbridled eroticism sifted through a demanding purity †¦ For me, some say, is more like little pieces of wood. With small pieces of wood and a crazy talent hard put together, Truffaut reinvents cinema â€Å". (Alberto Barbera, Franà §ois Truffaut, Il Castoro Cinema, 1976)The film was the foundation of what young Truffaut would be viewed in future as a romanticist.Let us discuss ways to make your whole subject for an essay.It being shot in black and white does not diminish based its feel. It adequately captures the serenity of the summer time and the bouncy energy of the youthful age (Hortelano, 2011, p.258).Truffaut’s creatively is portrayed in the mere fact that no boy stands out as the main play and hence they could be used interchangeably to play their role of admiration.Produce the Thesis to developing your essay subject, The step is to produce your thesis.

5).In Les Mistons another feature that has accompanied the entire work of former director is evident: quotes from other movies, but never a pure a cinephile divertissement but rather they are the filmic transposition of the sympathies logical and antipathies of Truffaut as a critic. You could almost say that the French director never fails to be a film critic and does so on newsprint, continuing to write about cinema, and in film, when substituting the typewriter with the camera.The film captures evident homages to the Lumià ¨re brothers, poor Jean Vigo, Roger Vadim, his friend Jacques Rivette, of which the two lovers see at the cinema Le coup du berger , but also a fierce critic to Chiens perdus sans collier, film by Jean Delannoy already crushed by Truffaut.It is thought to be the very best film ever made.ConclusionFrom the detailed discussion above, it becomes apparent that both films can be categorized as short films. Yet they captured click all the essence of a full blown film. Though both the films are short, the writers have been able to capture the theme ad impression intended. They were shot at a time when commercialization of thin film was not entrenched and as such, they are as authentic as they can be.Fan fiction is a great single instance of willful intertextuality.

com/2006/cteq/mistons/Hortelano, TJ 2011, Directory of World Cinema: Spain, Intellect, BristolMiller, K 2006, Parte de Campagne. [Online]. Available at: http://www.imdb.The Interpersonal Relationship means a connection between two person in one objective.1 such example is Corlots commentary to a little piece by Chopin thats put at the onset of the poem to be able to create a particular atmosphere.Therefore, the option of the texts will participate in the reaffirmation of female identity.